Between the summits of Algeria and Jeddah...?

What has changed between the two Arab summits in Algeria, November 2022, and Jeddah, May 2023, and what developments have thrown themselves at the table of the Arab summit in Jeddah? A question that must be answered in detail, because the Arab scene is really changing, not for the worse, as some claim, but for the better. The interval between the two summits is much less than a year, but the achievements are record with regard to building on the results of the Arab summit in Algeria, which I consider opened the gate to Saudi Arabia and paved the way for achievements. It embodies these changes, which is the return of Syria to the Arab embrace again. It is clear that the Arab Summit in Algeria established the concept of Arab reunification to achieve change, renewal and progress in joint Arab action and to bring it to the level of aspirations and aspirations of the Arab peoples to embody true Arab unity and protect Arab national security in its comprehensive concept and in all its political, economic, food, energy and water dimensions.

Had it not been for the fact that the Algiers Summit succeeded in creating a positive and unprecedented atmosphere in the Arab region years ago, this rapid and tangible change would not have occurred, which enabled Saudi Arabia to employ all its Arab relations and use its balanced position in the Arab world for a new face for the Arab region, starting with resolving the crises of the Arab world, or at least minimizing These crises, the first of which is the Syrian crisis, and the return of Syria to the Arab embrace by returning it to the Arab League Council after 11 years of estrangement due to the internal war and the attempt to divide Syria, which is still suffering until now. This is why the decision of the Arab foreign ministers in Cairo came two weeks ago to return Syria to the Arab League as a prelude to the presence of the Syrian President ( Bashar al-Assad) Summit of "Change and Renewal" in Jeddah, and thus Syria will return to the system of joint Arab action, which means the return of relations with all Arab countries with it except for Qatar, which objected to Syria's return to the seat of the League of Arab States, but this may not be forever because the new course of Arab relations would That makes Qatar change its position.

The Arab Summit in Algeria recommended the need to build peaceful and balanced relations between the Arab group and the international community, including the Islamic, African and Euro-Mediterranean milieu, on the basis of respect for the rules of good neighborliness. Thus, the (Beijing Agreement) was used to restore relations between Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Iran, and Saudi Arabia provided a model demonstrating that Saudi Arabia possesses a philosophy of change. The renewal of the Arab region and its divergence from all international tensions, and the keenness not to be dependent on one international pole dominated by the United States of America. Thus, today the Arab world has become an important East Asian and international attraction, enabling the Arab Gulf and the Arab system to decompose from the dependence of the American and European economies and to build a free economy that depends on the unification of tariffs. Customs duties for all countries of the Arab world and the establishment of an Arab free trade area serving all countries in the region. The Jeddah Summit approved completing the opening of safe paths to end the Arab crises, which negatively affect the unity of the member states of the League of Arab States, their territorial integrity and sovereignty over their resources. And the Jeddah Summit considered that the Sudan crisis has negative effects on everyone, so Saudi Arabia rushed steps and intensive efforts to contain the crisis, gather the two warring parties, sign an agreement to stop the fighting, and develop a road map for the transition to civil life in Sudan. However, there are external factors that push towards the complexity and development of the crisis, perhaps a crisis Sudan is one of the most important issues that took a major part in the discussion on the sidelines of the Arab Summit, as it is an issue that threatens the unity of the Sudanese lands and threatens the unity of the member states of the Arab League, and that it would open the way for unwanted external forces to interfere in Sudan, and this will affect the Saudi role in strengthening Arab-Arab relations and change Face the Arab region in a way that guarantees Arab revival and exit from the tunnel of crises that have led the Arabs to weakness and humiliation for more than 15 years now.

The Palestinian issue in all its dimensions was and still is the central issue in the Arab world. The Algiers summit laid important foundations related to the recovery of the Palestinians and their national unity through the "Algeria Declaration" which has not been implemented so far. The Palestinian issue remained the first issue of Arab concern at the Jeddah summit as well, but the Jeddah summit did not come out. With a practical recommendation to end the Palestinian division, such as the formation of an Arab ministerial committee at the level of foreign ministers to draw up a road map for the Palestinians to restore their national unity and end the division, and to assign an Arab executive committee to work on the ground in Gaza and the West Bank in parallel to restore the Palestinian political and geographical linkage, whose basic principles the Palestinian division has violated for 16 years. the entire Arab group. Perhaps confronting the Israeli plan that seeks to liquidate the Palestinian cause, denies the rights of the Palestinians, and seeks to resolve the issue of Jerusalem was emphasized in the first item of the final statement of the Jeddah summit, which reaffirmed the unmodified Arab initiative as a basic reference for achieving comprehensive peace in pursuit of comprehensive stability. We expected that a summit would determine Jeddah is a time map for the occupation to recognize this initiative as a reference for a comprehensive peace and accept it and sit at the negotiating table with the Palestinians under joint Arab and international auspices to negotiate ways to end the conflict and grant the Palestinians the right to self-determination and establish their state on the lines of June 4, 1967, with Jerusalem as its capital.

The Jeddah Summit reaffirmed many of the principles that came out of the Algeria Summit, and this summit had to allocate road maps to end all the crises of the Arab world and complete them with a joint Arab effort that would protect the Arab system from external interference, preserve its wealth, and achieve food security and an industrial, agricultural and technological renaissance The required, and the Jeddah summit had to focus on the importance of strengthening the unified Arab position in the face of Israel's attempt to penetrate the Arab ranks under the name of "normalization agreements" without recognizing the Arab peace initiative and singling out the Palestinians and ending the Palestinian conflict in their own way in order to achieve their great Zionist project on the land of Palestine.