Vice President of the Palestinian Prisoners’ Club, Abdullah Al-Zaghari, said that there are great and mounting fears about the fate of the detainees on hunger strike, namely: Kayed Al-Fafsous, Sultan Khalouf, and Maher Al-Akhras, especially since their strike comes in light of the presence of a right-wing fascist government, which previously assassinated Sheikh Khader Adnan. After 86 days of strike, we do not rule out that the crime will be carried out again against those currently on strike.

Al-Zaghari added that what is happening against the hunger strikers is a crime, in which all the occupation forces participate, which continue their intransigence and refuse to even deal with their demand to end their arbitrary detention, despite the deterioration of their health condition, especially since the striking detainees had previously gone through long strikes, which affected actually affects their health conditions.

Al-Zaghari called on all international human rights institutions, led by the United Nations, to pressure the occupation to immediately release them and end the crime of their arrest.

It is noteworthy that the detainees Kayed Al-Fafsous and Sultan Khalouf have continued their hunger strike for (40) days in rejection of their administrative detention, and the detainee Maher Al-Akhras has continued his strike for (20) days, as the occupation authorities filed an indictment against him yesterday, and extended his detention until Thursday.

Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Galant claimed on Monday evening that Iran is establishing a new airport in the Qalaat Jabour mountain area in southern Lebanon, 20 kilometers from the border of northern occupied Palestine.

Gallant said at a conference of the Institute for Counter-Terrorism Policy at Reichmann University that this airport is being built with the aim of attacking Israel, showing aerial and satellite images of the location of the airport, and the Iranian flag and the Hezbollah flag flying in the place.

Gallant said: “The land is Lebanese, the control is Iranian, and the destination is Israel.”

He sent a message to Hezbollah and Lebanon, in which he said: “If we reach a conflict, we will not hesitate to use the deadly force of the Israeli army... Hezbollah and Lebanon will pay a heavy and painful price.”

He considered that Iran currently represents the greatest threat to Israel, regional stability, and the global order, pointing to its efforts to try to reach a military nuclear capability, which are closer than ever before.

The Israeli Defense Minister accused Iran of carrying out a geographical and ideological takeover of the countries of the region and encouraging "terrorist" attacks around the world. According to him.

According to him, the Iranian goal is to create a war of attrition against Israel on all its borders, while at the same time continuing to develop and equip nuclear weapons, considering that these efforts affect every country in our surroundings.

He touched on what are described as Hezbollah's provocations on the northern border, saying: "The repeated provocations by Hezbollah on the northern border are an arrogant and dangerous act, with Iranian encouragement."

He sent a threatening letter to the Secretary-General of the Lebanese Hezbollah, in which he said: “He wants to portray himself as the defender of Lebanon, but in reality he is making Lebanon and its citizens hostage to serve Iranian and Shiite interests... If he miscalculates, he will become destructive to Lebanon.”

He also claimed that Iran is trying to build a front against Israel from various borders, and has recently been working from the joint Jordanian-Iraqi border with the aim of controlling it, including exploiting this to smuggle weapons to the West Bank, and that Hamas and Jihad in the Gaza Strip are increasingly involved in the Iranian axis of evil. According to him.

A former senior Mossad official said Monday that a warning issued by spy agency chief David Barnea to Iran a day earlier was in fact aimed at making it clear to the United States that Israel has the freedom to act, even in the heart of Tehran.

Haim Tomer, a former Mossad chief of intelligence and operations, additionally claimed that Barnea’s comments carried the approval of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

“Barnea did not threaten the Iranians. He is a serious enough person to understand that that has no meaning. He made a threat to the Americans,” Tomer told Radio 103FM in comments cited by the Walla news site.

 “Barnea is expressing harsh criticism of the current US administration,” Tomer said. “He is telling the Americans that he has freedom of action, and that he is not interested in what they do in Tehran, or about the nuclear issue.”

Barnea on Sunday warned Iran’s leaders that they would pay a direct price, even if they were deep in the Iranian capital, should any Israelis or Jews be harmed in what he said was an ongoing, significantly stepped-up, state-organized Iranian terror effort worldwide.

Tomer said he believed that Barnea would not have sent such a message to Washington with his speech if he did not have the backing of the premier.

“Barnea would not speak like that on a public stage without receiving permission from the Prime Minister’s Office,” Tomer said. “I have no doubt that the prime minister supported this strong speech.”

Washington is thought to oppose actions that could embroil the region in war, especially as it pursues a diplomatic deal to curb Tehran’s nuclear ambitions, but has remained mum following suspected Israeli sabotage attacks inside Iran in the past.

Tomer said he believed Barnea to be “frustrated” by the growing contacts between the US and Iran, while Washington “isn’t working to restrain the Iranians.”

Speaking at an annual conference of the Institute for Counter-Terrorism Policy (ICT) at Reichman University in Herzliya, Barnea said on Sunday that the Mossad and its allies in the international intelligence community have foiled 27 Iranian attacks against Jews and Israelis abroad over the past year.

“The squads that were captured, the weapons that were seized together with them, all had clear targets,” he said, noting that the attempts occurred “all over the world, in Europe, Africa, the Far East and South America.” A number of attacks or suspected plots against Jewish or Israeli targets in Europe, Latin America, Asia and elsewhere over recent decades have been attributed to Iran or its proxy groups, including a scare in Turkey last year that saw Israeli visitors encouraged to go home.

“The time has come to exact a price from Iran in a different way,” Barnea said.

“Harming Israelis and Jews in any way — by proxy, by Iranians, or by Iranian weapons smuggled into Israel — will lead to activity against the Iranians who sent the terrorists and also against the decision-makers, from the ground operators to the commanders who approved the operation, to the highest echelon, and I mean that,” he said.

“These prices will be exacted with great precision in the depths of Iran, in the heart of Tehran,” Barnea warned.

Hebrew Public Radio said that, starting today (Monday), Israel allowed Palestinians from the Gaza Strip who hold American citizenship to enter its territory and travel through its airports, as part of Israel’s preparations to join the visa exemption program for the United States of America.

The radio indicated that, as of today, Israel has allowed residents of the Gaza Strip who hold American citizenship and do not pose a security threat to enter its territory with B2 tourist visas and travel through its airports.

The radio added that this step comes within the framework of the experimental plan undertaken by Israel in response to the demands made by the United States of America to accept Israel into the visa exemption program.

On July 20, Israel began facilitating the entry and exit of Palestinians who hold American citizenship from the West Bank to its territory and travel across its borders and airports abroad, as part of the conditions for joining the American visa exemption program.

The trial period for Israel's compliance with American conditions ends on September 30.
According to the radio, the number of Palestinians who hold American citizenship in the Gaza Strip is estimated at more than 500 people.

The radio said that during the trial period, Palestinians who hold American citizenship in the Gaza Strip, which is under the control of the Hamas movement, will be allowed to leave via buses to Jordan and then abroad, after they had been excluded from the trial period, before Israel returns and includes them in the trial due to American pressure.

According to the radio, Israel will allow Palestinian Americans living abroad to visit their first-degree relatives in Gaza once a year for a maximum of 90 days.

In addition, the radio said that 15 members of the US Senate sent a letter to US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken in which they informed him that Israel would not be able to meet the US conditions regarding the visa exemption program.

The senators pointed out that Israel subjects Palestinians who hold American citizenship to two stages of security scrutiny, which it does not follow with the rest of the travelers through its airports. It also does not allow an American citizen who lives in the Palestinian territories to enter its territory by car or even rent a car upon his arrival at the airport. Ben Gurion International Airport outside the coastal city of Tel Aviv in central Israel.

With the arrival of the twenty-second anniversary of the September 11 attacks in the United States, the United States is still nursing its wounds from these deadly attacks on symbols of finance, trade, and the extraordinary American military power in the destruction of the World Trade Center in the heart of New York City, and the building of the US Department of Defense, the Pentagon, near... The American capital, at the hands of 19 terrorist kidnappers, when Americans woke up on Tuesday morning, September 11, 2001, to the news that the United States had been subjected to four coordinated terrorist attacks carried out by the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization, which was headed by Osama bin Laden.

The United States commemorated the 22nd anniversary in several places in the United States, most importantly Washington, D.C., and New York, for the most powerful attack on United States territory in the history of its existence, which claimed the lives of three thousand Americans, as the hijackers deliberately crashed two planes into the upper floors of the North and South towers of the World Trade Center complex. In New York, and a third plane at the US Department of Defense (Pentagon) building in Arlington, Virginia.

As for the fourth plane, which was most likely trying to head to the Capitol building or the White House, it crashed in a forest in Pennsylvania, after a fight broke out between the plane’s passengers and its hijackers.

More than two decades after those attacks, at a staggering cost of $8 trillion and the death of nearly 5 million people (around the world), the horror of the events and their repercussions still haunts Americans, who lost a large portion of their personal freedoms because of the attack.

Although the overt conflicts in the "global war on terror" have subsided with the US departure from Iraq and Afghanistan, experts say that many of today's political tensions and unrest can be traced directly to the forces at work during the NATO-led global war. Counterterrorism funding continues to flow with few restrictions, strengthening the global security forces and military industry. The ongoing escalation of coups in West Africa also highlights the dilemma of Western aid that supports military institutions at the expense of civilian rule.

In the Global North, counter-terrorism experts, having rebranded themselves as totalitarian security experts, are calling for a tougher approach to confronting China and Russia.

Likewise, in Central Asia, global networks and organizations have created a development aid industry that does not always align with the needs of people on the ground, but buzzwords like “terrorism” and “security” have become music to the ears of international donors. Meanwhile, in places as diverse as Nepal, the ripples of the global war on terror can be felt directly with the revival of Gurkha training institutes, once used by coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, but now at the disposal of private security companies.

Beyond its military footprint, the global war on terrorism has produced a draconian wave of invasive security logics and legal frameworks. From the United Kingdom and France to India and Indonesia, countries have invoked their own “9/11 moments” in the wake of domestic terrorism incidents, revealing a series of repressive laws that remain in place. These decrees have allowed for prolonged detention without trial, and widespread violations of privacy that require the surrender of freedom for the sake of security. Central Asian and Middle Eastern leaders, despite their authoritarian tendencies, have also recast themselves as indispensable to the US-led security architecture, taking advantage of the spirit of the global war on terrorism to suppress domestic dissent.

Even in Latin America, which appears far from the epicenter of 9/11, governments have weaponized these legal tools against a wide range of perceived adversaries, including civil society and grassroots organizations, while Muslims around the world remain in the crosshairs, even as the repercussions wane. The events of September 11.

As for the promoters of conspiracy theories, they are still circulating stories and allegations that appeared from the first moments of the attacks, blaming different centers, countries, and institutions. Among these theories, one said that the World Trade Center Towers fell as a result of deliberate explosions in their foundations and not because of the collision of the two hijacked planes. The collapse of World Trade Center Building 7, a 47-story skyscraper in the vicinity of the Twin Towers, helped spread many conspiracy theories. . This building, which houses the offices of the CIA, the Department of Defense and the Office of Emergency Management, collapsed hours after the collapse of the Twin Towers without being hit by a plane or being directly targeted.

But in 2008, a three-year investigation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that the tower collapsed due to intense, out-of-control fires that lasted for nearly seven hours, started by debris from the fall of the nearby north tower.

There have also been widespread claims that “jet fuel cannot melt the steel girders” that make up the Twin Towers, suggesting that they may have been demolished with explosives. But according to an official report, the planes that hit them caused significant damage to the support columns of both towers and dislodged the fire-resistant materials.

In addition, the fire temperature reached 1,000 degrees Celsius in some parts, causing the steel beams to deform and the two buildings to eventually collapse.

The Union of Fishermen's Committees said, Monday evening, that the two fishermen who were arrested this morning by an Israeli naval force off the coast of Rafah, south of the Gaza Strip, were injured.

The Union explained that Munib Ashkentana will be released in the coming hours, injured by a number of rubber bullets in the back.

He stated that the fisherman, Nafez Ramadan Salah, will be kept in the occupation hospitals to receive treatment.

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) warned today, Monday, of the interruption of its services and its inability to pay employees’ salaries during the current and next month.

UNRWA spokesman Adnan Abu Hasna in the Gaza Strip said: “The agency has a deficit of 170 to 190 million US dollars, and this amount is the budget of the programs that are provided, whether for education, health or relief.”

He stressed that this amount is required to be provided to avoid interruptions in the provision of services and to pay the salaries of employees and programs, and so that the United Nations organization can start the new year without debts and financial obligations.

Abu Hasna added: “UNRWA needs 60 million US dollars to cover basic financial needs in September and next, and the agency also needs 75 million dollars to continue providing food aid to about 1.2 million refugees in the Gaza Strip.”

He continued: "UNRWA also needs $30 million to provide cash assistance to about 600,000 refugees in Syria, Lebanon and Jordan during the last quarter of this year."

Abu Hasna pointed out that UNRWA does not work in ideal conditions, as it dealt with emergency situations such as the wars launched in the Gaza Strip, in addition to the increase in the number of refugees and the increase in the volume of requirements.

For years, UNRWA has been suffering from major financial crises that have led to a decline in its ability to provide services to Palestinian refugees, and it warned last June that its services were at risk starting next September.

"Meta" website, the parent company of the famous social network "Facebook", deleted the account of Al Jazeera Arabic broadcaster Tamer Al-Mashal from the platform, 24 hours after the program "Snowflake Summit" broadcast an investigation into "Meta"'s censorship of Palestinian content entitled Space. css.

The program's investigation, which aired on Friday, included confessions from Eric Barbing, the former head of Israel's cybersecurity agency, about his company's efforts to track Palestinian content according to criteria that included "liking" a photo of a Palestinian killed by Israeli occupation forces, who acknowledged that his agency I contacted Facebook and argued that the content should be removed.

According to Barbing, Facebook usually complies with requests and Israeli security services follow up on these matters, including bringing cases to court if necessary.

The investigation followed up on Barbing's confessions by interviewing a number of human rights and digital rights experts who agreed that there was a clear flaw in how Palestinian content was restricted.

The program also interviewed Julie Owono, a member of Facebook's Oversight Board, who admitted that there was a discrepancy in how the rules were interpreted and applied to Palestinian content, and added that recommendations had been sent to Facebook to correct this.

Al Jazeera said that it asked Facebook to explain why it closed Al-Mashal’s profile without warning or explanation, and it has not received a response yet.

Al-Mashal said that the profile that was deleted was his personal page, which he created in 2006 and was verified, and that he had at least 700,000 followers on it.

Al Jazeera said that Al-Mashal told the channel: “After the great success of the episode, I discovered that my personal profile on Facebook had been deleted without providing any explanations... It really seems like a kind of revenge for the program,” stressing that he had not received any response from Facebook yet. .

Al-Mashal revealed that the program team had begun investigating the extent of the gap between how Facebook deals with Palestinian and Israeli posts and materials, and to do this, an experiment was conducted in which (the team) built two different pages, one with a pro-Palestinian perspective and the other pro-Israel, and conducted experiments on them. The team concluded that there was indeed a significant discrepancy in the amount of scrutiny there was and how the rules were applied to posts on either page.

It is not clear why Facebook would choose to delete an individual's page in response to a program, and several months ago Facebook briefly deleted the Al-Quds newspaper's page without justification.

According to Al Jazeera English, there was no explanation or warning, as Al-Mashal said, “There were no problems with any content on my page before, and there is no indication that I violated any rules.”

Al-Mashal said that last March, Facebook restricted his account, and this has happened other times, but usually the situation is resolved, which was not the case this time.

The Russian presidency announced Monday that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un will visit Russia "in the coming days" at the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Official media in Pyongyang reported that Kim would hold a summit meeting with Putin during the visit.

The Kremlin said in a statement that the leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Kim Jong Un, will conduct, "at the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin," an "official visit to the Russian Federation in the coming days."

South Korea's Yonhap News Agency had previously reported that Kim's train had apparently left North Korea heading to Russia, citing an unnamed official.

Russia, a historical ally of Pyongyang, has been a major supporter of the isolated state for decades, and relations between them go back to the founding of North Korea 75 years ago.

Putin in July praised Pyongyang's "steadfast support for special military operations against Ukraine."

North Korea and its leader Kim are among the staunchest supporters of Moscow's invasion of Ukraine.

Western countries, led by the United States, fear that Pyongyang may resort to supplying Russia with missiles and missiles.

The White House warned North Korea this month against any such step. US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan told reporters, "They will pay a price for this in the international community."

The General Political Commissioner, Major General Talal Dweikat, said, “The attempts to accuse President Mahmoud Abbas of anti-Semitism are nothing but a Zionist-American move to confuse the efforts he is making and the leadership at the international level to expose the practices of the occupation and refute the false Zionist narrative.”

Dwikat added in a statement issued today, Monday, “The president seeks to clarify the narrative of Palestinian rights through his constant demand for the need for countries of the world to take action to stop the Israeli invasion that has been practiced against our people for 75 years.”

He pointed out that accusing the Palestinian leadership of anti-Semitism and exploiting the president’s statements that were made in the context of commenting on the statements of American and Israeli writers and historians during the previous period, is nothing but a miserable attempt to thwart any efforts made in favor of the Palestinian cause, at a time when the American-backed Israeli war machine is committing massacres against our people.

At least 150 people were killed as a result of floods caused by heavy rains that fell in eastern Libya during the past days, an official told Agence France-Presse on Monday.

Media Advisor to the Prime Minister, Mohamed Masoud, told Agence France-Presse, "At least 150 people were killed as a result of the floods and torrents caused by Hurricane Daniel in Derna, the areas of Jabal Al-Akhdar, and the suburbs of Al-Marj, in addition to the huge material damage that befell public and private property."

Today, Monday, a Palestinian ministerial team discussed with the United Nations Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture the establishment of a national preventive mechanism to prevent torture in Palestine, and a study of the situation in detention facilities and how the authorities implement their obligations to prevent torture and ill-treatment and provide appropriate detention conditions.

The Ministry of the Interior, at its headquarters in the city of Ramallah, organized this ministerial meeting, which included the Ministers of: Interior Major General Ziad Hab Al-Rih, Justice Muhammad Al-Shalaldah, Labor Nasri Abu Jaish, Health Mai Al-Kaila, Women’s Affairs Amal Hamad, and a representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in the presence of a business coordinator. Haitham Arar, the government team for the Convention against Torture.

The visit of the UN Committee, which is currently visiting the State of Palestine, aims to evaluate the measures taken to protect persons deprived of liberty from torture and ill-treatment, and to provide advice to the authorities regarding the mechanism to be established.

The visit includes meeting with the authorities at the highest levels, and the judicial, administrative and security bodies, provided that the committee submits its confidential preliminary observations to the Government of Palestine.

The ICRC delegation consists of the head of the Swiss delegation, Daniel Fink, the Moroccan Abdallah Onir, the Spanish Mata Mira, and the Tunisian Hamida Dridi, in addition to accompanying two human rights officers in the secretariat of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture.

The Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners Affairs Authority said that the Israeli prison administration continues to violate the rights of prisoners and detainees, deliberately neglecting their health conditions, and refraining from providing them with the necessary treatment and what they need in light of the difficult conditions they are suffering from.

In its report issued today, Monday, after the visit of its lawyer, Fadi Obaidat, the Commission revealed two medical cases in the Negev prison, including the case of prisoner Khaled Kamel Nawabit (46 years old) from the town of Barqa / Jericho Governorate, where he suffers from bouts of shortness of breath with the body becoming limp from time to time. Today, this condition has become associated with him all the time, noting that the prisoner asked for tests on his health condition, but the prison administration still refuses to do so.

It is noteworthy that the prisoner was scheduled to undergo open heart surgery at Ramallah Hospital on 11/27/2022 to replace the mitral valve, but he was arrested earlier than the scheduled date for it to be performed.

The prisoner, Abdul Salam Bani Odeh, from the town of Tamoun, Jenin Governorate, suffers from swelling and blurred vision resulting from an accidental accident resulting from the presence of a small iron skewer, which led to an injury to the left eye on April 12, 2023. It caused an injury to the eye, and as a result, he was transferred to Soroka Hospital. The wound was stitched and he was informed of the need for review after a week, but for four weeks he was not transferred for review and examinations, which led to a worsening of his health condition.

On Monday, unknown persons hacked into the WhatsApp accounts of Hadash Knesset members Ahmed Tibi and Ofer Cassif.

According to the website of the Hebrew newspaper Maariv, Tibi and Cassif complained that their account had been hacked and that their communication with others had been cut off.

This comes two days after similar complaints were made by 14 members of the Knesset from the “There is a Future” party, including party leader Yair Lapid, before the problem was resolved.

The Shin Bet intervened in the investigation into the case of hacking the accounts of members of the “There is a Future” party.

Today, Monday, the so-called Israeli Planning and Construction Committee is scheduled to discuss the plan to approve the construction of the “Kadamat Zion or Zion” settlement neighborhood, which will be built in the town of Abu Dis in occupied Jerusalem.

According to the website of the Hebrew newspaper Maariv, the plan relates to building 400 settlement units near the separation fence that passes through the town of Abu Dis.

This settlement neighborhood will be part of a comprehensive plan to connect the settlements established east of Jabal Mukaber with each other. Its goal will be to control the entire eastern part of Jerusalem, and will overlook neighborhoods including Ras al-Amin, Wadi Qaddum, Silwan, Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Old City.

In the Deal of the Century, the administration of former US President Donald Trump considered Abu Dis to be the future capital of Palestine, which was rejected by all Palestinians.

According to the Maariv newspaper website, it is not expected that the construction of a Jewish neighborhood in Abu Dis will be welcomed by the Joe Biden administration, especially a week before Benjamin Netanyahu’s visit to the United States.

The Prisoners' Club said, "The Israeli occupation forces have arrested more than (5,000) citizens since the beginning of this year, including (83) women and (678) children, while the number of administrative detention orders since the beginning of this year has reached (2,350)." Orders, including (1245) new orders, and (1105) renewal orders.”

The Prisoner's Club confirmed that the occupation forces continued to carry out their crimes and violations through a set of fixed and systematic policies against detainees and their families. In addition to operations of abuse and attacks in all its forms through the use of all types of weapons, they escalated the targeting of the families of prisoners and martyrs, through the crime of (collective punishment). ), which today constitute the most prominent crimes pursued by the Israeli occupation authorities, and used on a large scale, in the context of the occupation’s ongoing attempts to impose more control and oversight.

Today, Monday, an Israeli court in Beersheba issued prison sentences and the payment of small compensation against 4 officers in the so-called “Border Guard” police after they seriously beat Palestinian workers and stole their money and equipment when they attempted to enter the Green Line areas in 2020.

The force officer was sentenced to 4 years in prison and paid financial compensation of 500 to 2,000 shekels for each of the 10 workers’ victims. The second officer was sentenced to 3 years in prison with compensation from 1,000 to 5 thousand shekels for each victim. A third was sentenced to 16 months in prison and paid compensation of 500 to 1,000 shekels. The fourth was 9 months of community service and compensation was paid to the victim of 500 shekels, and the last was 1,000 shekels.

These sentences are considered very light if any Palestinian is charged with them, and he is forced to serve longer years and pay large sums of money.

The ruling was issued after a plea deal was reached between the prosecution and the soldiers' defense team.

British Foreign Secretary James Cleverly said, “The two-state solution is the only way to bring security, stability and prosperity to Palestinians, Israelis and the region as a whole.”

The British minister added in press statements he made before leaving for the region to visit Palestine and Israel, "It is the duty of all parties to take steps to achieve progress on this issue."

The British Foreign Office explained in a press statement that Minister Cleverly will meet, during his visit, Prime Minister Muhammad Shtayyeh, and will visit the Jalazoun refugee camp to see the effect of international support for UNRWA, which provides humanitarian aid to Palestinian refugees throughout the Middle East.

It indicated that during his visit, he will meet with the Commissioner-General of UNRWA, and visit the agency’s facilities. He will also meet with local communities in the West Bank that were affected by settler violence, and he will announce that the United Kingdom has increased funding this year to 1.2 million pounds sterling for the Protection Union in the West Bank, an organization. It is run by international humanitarian organizations to support 50,000 Palestinians at risk of forcible transfer.

National Security Adviser Tzachi Hanegbi said on Monday that he has been in regular contact with Palestinian officials since assuming his post, and that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government is open to significant concessions to Ramallah in the context of a Saudi normalization deal.

“I have been conducting a dialogue with them in the name of the prime minister for eight months,” he said, in a rare admission of close contact between the two sides.

Speaking at the second day of the annual conference of the Institute for Counter-Terrorism Policy (ICT) at Reichman University in Herzliya, Hanegbi said that the conversations are taking place as part of a five-way dialogue with Jordan, Egypt, and the US. The parties met in Aqaba and Sharm el-Sheikh earlier this year.

“We are trying to reach agreements on security matters, so they will take responsibility for the matters that touch on their lives, Area A, and so that the IDF won’t have to enter refugee camps in Jenin and Nablus instead of them,” he said.

In July, the IDF embarked on a major two-day operation in Jenin against the local Islamic Jihad branch and smaller armed groups.

Hanegbi said that senior officials on both sides are speaking in an “open manner about what they want to receive from the other side.”

He added that the talks are bearing fruit, including the fact that Arab countries are “actively interested in the success of the talks.”

Turning to the prospects of a deal with Riyadh, Hanegbi said that “it is important that the Palestinians are part of the process.”

Prime Minister Muhammad Shtayyeh said on Monday, “President Mahmoud Abbas will participate next week in the meetings of the Group of 77 and China, held in Havana, Cuba, and will also deliver a speech before the United Nations General Assembly in New York.”

At the beginning of the government session in Ramallah, Shtayyeh confirmed that, during participation in the meeting of donor countries held in New York, they will present to the donors the amount of funds deducted by Israel, their financial needs, and the progress they have made in the reform plan adopted by the government last year, as well as the features of the Palestinian development plan for the years. The next five.

Shtayyeh indicated that they will participate in the international meeting on sustainable development goals and the progress the world has achieved in this field.

On the other hand, the Council of Ministers extended its deepest condolences and sympathy to the Kingdom of Morocco, for the lives and property they lost, and for the homes and infrastructure destroyed by the earthquake, as it submitted a message of solidarity to the Moroccan Prime Minister, Aziz Akhannouch, in which he informed him of Palestine’s readiness to assist in what they deem appropriate, indicating that A team from the Palestinian Civil Defense is now in Morocco to assist.

Shtayyeh indicated that the Council of Ministers will discuss today: the political, security and financial situations, new Israeli discounts, the situation of the Jerusalem Electricity Company, and the Digital Palestine Agenda 2030, in addition to new infrastructure projects.

The Prisoner Movement said, “Postponing or freezing the Israeli government’s discussion of the decision to reduce visits to the prisoners’ families to fit the occupation’s plans will not pass us or our people,” stressing that their struggle inside and outside of captivity will continue until they achieve their goals and push the occupation away from them and the holy sites.

The Prisoner Movement added in a brief statement on Monday, “The challenge is great and renewed, and requires unity of ranks and project unity in which we preserve our identity, dignity, land, and sanctities.”

The Prisoner Movement called on the masses of the Palestinian people to participate widely in supporting their prisoners in the face of the prison guard and the Israeli fascist minister Itamar Ben Gvir, by participating in mass vigils tomorrow, Tuesday 9/12/2023, at 09:00 pm, in city centers and villages in all governorates of the country under the title “ The unity of the free people - the title of victory.

Today, Monday, the Commission for the Affairs of Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners published details of the painful arrest of prisoner Fatima Amarneh, after the Commission’s lawyer, Hanan Al-Khatib, visited her in Damoun Prison.

The Commission said, “On September 4, 2023, at approximately nine o’clock in the evening, Fatima Amarneh (41 years old) from the city of Jenin was leaving Al-Aqsa Mosque, and she was surprised when one of the occupation soldiers kicked her with his leg, claiming that she had tried to stab him, and then several of the soldiers attacked her.” They beat her severely until she lost consciousness, and she then found herself handcuffed inside a military jeep and surrounded by female soldiers.”

It added: "The prisoner was then transferred to the (Al-Qashla) investigation center, and the investigating officer continued the series of torture, where he beat her and tried to intimidate her and violate her privacy because she was a veiled girl, while the female soldiers then strip-searched her several times."

The Commission continued: “Then they put me in a bosom and beat it hard. Sometimes they walked quickly and then stopped suddenly. They moved me from one place to another and wrapped me around a lot with the aim of pressuring and disturbing me. The female soldiers tightly tied the handcuffs on my hands with the aim of hurting me, and some of them were pushing me, kicking me and hitting me. They tore my robe for me.” Then they transferred me to Ramla prison. I slept in Ramla without eating. They put me in a solitary confinement cell alone.

The conditions of the cell were difficult and harsh. A bed with a thin leather mattress, no pillow, a dirty blanket and a stinky smell. A toilet consisting of a hole in the floor that was disgusting and smelled bad. Then I was transferred to Damoon. There are still traces of bruises on my body from the severity of the beating I received at the time of arrest, and some of my clothes have traces of blood on them. I lost more than 2 kilos in 3 days... What happened to me was an unexpected nightmare.”

Israel has been considered a hostile state by the Arab countries for many years, and the Arab countries rejected all forms of normalization with it, before reaching a comprehensive and just solution to the Palestinian issue. However, Egypt opened the path to normalization by signing two peace treaties with Israel in 1979, without requiring a just solution to the Palestinian issue. After that, the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993 with Israel - the window for normalization - and the Kingdom of Jordan signed a peace agreement with Israel in 1994.

However, the aforementioned agreements with Israel did not contribute to resolving the Palestinian issue. Rather, Israel increased its extremism and intensity. Israel considered the Arab countries’ normalization of relations with it as approval of its Zionist, racist, and settlement policies.

The Arab countries determined their position on the issues raised to resolve the Palestinian issue through the Arab summit held in Beirut on March 27, 2002, to confront the Israeli military escalation of Ariel Sharon’s government against the Palestinian people. The main points of the Arab initiative included in the final statement of the summit stipulated the demand for Israel to withdraw from all occupied Arab territories, including the Syrian Golan and the territories still occupied in southern Lebanon, and its demand for a just solution to the Palestinian refugee problem in accordance with United Nations General Assembly Resolution No. 194, And its demand to accept the establishment of an independent, sovereign Palestinian state on the Palestinian territories, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and to ensure the rejection of all forms of settlement that contradict the laws adopted in the Arab countries, and finally to call on the international community to work towards implementing this initiative.

Accordingly, the Arab Summit pledged that if Israel accepted these conditions, the Arab-Israeli conflict would be considered over, in addition to establishing exchange relations with Israel and living together in peace.

However, American and Israeli policies succeeded in shifting the solution to the conflict from the Palestinian interior to the Arab exterior, as the pace of political and cultural normalization with Arab countries that had not yet entered into peace agreements with Israel increased. This would allow Israel to be accepted into its Arab environment before ending the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which would mean weakening Palestinian demands.

In mid-September 2020, secret Arab normalization culminated in the official announcement of the signing of the so-called peace agreement between the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain with Israel at the White House under the auspices of US President Donald Trump, and on October 24, 2020, it was also signed with Sudan under Trump’s sponsorship. It is noteworthy that Morocco was the fourth Arab country to normalize its diplomatic relations with Israel under American auspices on December 10, 2020, and it is expected that many Arab and Gulf countries will sign the same treaties with Israel, and thus these countries will have abandoned the Arab initiative as a condition for normalization with the occupation, thus ending Its Arab commitment to the Palestinian issue, achieving its interests at the expense of the first and central Arab issue, turning the Palestinian issue into a marginal issue.

These agreements focus on the security interests of the signatory countries in the face of the so-called threat that Iran poses to the countries of the region, in addition to economic and strategic interests, in light of the neglect of the Palestinian issue. These agreements are far removed from the Egyptian and Jordanian peace treaties, which were based primarily on the principle of establishing peace. In exchange for the recovery of its occupied territories.

The Gulf states and Israel considered former US President Barack Obama’s efforts to conclude a nuclear agreement with Iran a matter of concern, and therefore the search for ways to confront the Obama administration’s plans constituted an opportunity for the Gulf states and Israel to work together, as this step formed the subsequent basis for working with the administration of former President Donald Trump. Indeed, this strategy turned out to be very successful, as the alliance of Israel and the Gulf states formed the core of US foreign policy in the Middle East. In doing so, the United States provided almost open support to both sides, withdrew from the nuclear agreement initiated by Obama and implemented a “maximum pressure” campaign on Iran.

On the other hand, the Gulf countries believed that normalization with Israel would help them strengthen their security ties with the United States, given the American role in maintaining Israel’s security. This analysis may be correct, as after Egypt signed a peace agreement with Israel, it became the second largest recipient of American aid, despite its authoritarian policies. From a Palestinian point of view, the Palestinians see the rush of some Arab countries to normalize relations with the Zionist entity as treason.

According to the Hebrew Walla website on October 21, 2021, the administration of US President Joe Biden discussed with Saudi Arabia the possibility of normalizing relations with Israel. Bin Salman did not explicitly reject the possibility of normalization with Israel, stressing that such a step would take time, but Saudi Arabia has announced More than once, it will not normalize relations with Israel until a solution to the Palestinian issue is found and the Israeli occupation is ended.

In this regard, it is noteworthy that the Israeli journalist in the New York Times revealed, at the end of July 2023, a “new deal for Biden” to normalize Saudi Arabia’s relations with Israel.

On August 13, 2023, the Saudi conditions for normalizing its relations with the Israeli state were revealed. The conditions are for Saudi Arabia to obtain security and political guarantees and to obtain many demands, most of which are from the United States of America, including the United States agreeing to sell the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 50 F-35 aircraft, without a ban. For any of the types of advanced ammunition used by Israel, and agreeing to proceed with the completion of a sale deal and the establishment of 5 nuclear reactors designated for peaceful purposes, and the last condition is that Israel stop weakening the Palestinian National Authority and return to the negotiating table in order to achieve peace and stability in the region.

If these leaks and conditions are true, Saudi Arabia will have abandoned the initiative that it put forward at the Arab Summit in Beirut in 2002, and replaced the condition of the Arab Summit in Beirut with non-normalization before finding a just solution to the Palestinian issue and ending the occupation on the condition that the authority is strengthened or not weakened.

In this context, the Israeli occupation Foreign Minister, Eli Cohen, stated on August 7, 2023, that Israel and Saudi Arabia have a common interest in reaching a normalization agreement, and the Palestinian issue will not stand as an obstacle to normalization, adding that it is in everyone’s interest to improve life in the areas of the Palestinian Authority, As for Biden, he will achieve something before the elections, and this will strengthen the American economy.

In the same vein, a senior Israeli official stated on August 24, 2023, that there are no concrete demands from Israel, such as freezing settlement construction, and all demands focus on economic aid to the Palestinians, which will come from the Saudis and Americans.

Despite this, Israel rejects the Saudi conditions for normalization, and this was confirmed by the Minister of Strategic Affairs of the Israeli occupation, Ron Dermer, on August 20, 2023, that normalization is continuing and Israel will not allow any Arab country to possess a military nuclear program, and from his point of view the number of Arab countries will increase. The printing press is with Israel, adding that Israel will not necessarily oppose Saudi Arabia developing a civilian nuclear program, in exchange for normalization of relations. However, Netanyahu and opposition leader Yair Lapid rejected Saudi Arabia obtaining any nuclear program.

In response to the above, it is possible that Israel will agree to establish a Saudi civil nuclear program supported by America, in light of Israeli estimates that Saudi Arabia may obtain support for its nuclear project from China or France. However, US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan stated on August 22, 2023, “It is not expected to announce progress in the normalization negotiations anytime soon between Israel and Saudi Arabia.

In this regard, it is noteworthy that Saudi Arabia has appointed Ambassador Nayef bin Bandar Al-Sudairi to the Palestinian Authority, and he is awaiting a permit from Israel allowing him to cross into the Authority’s areas. This appointment is considered a prelude to normalization between the two countries, which will be followed by the appointment of a Saudi ambassador to the Zionist entity.

The countries that officially announced their rejection of normalization with Israel are Kuwait, Algeria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, and Lebanon so far. The risks of normalization with Israel will not be limited to harming the Palestinian cause and the Palestinian people, but rather its risks will be far-reaching and long-term for the Arab and Islamic nation.

Perhaps one of the most important approaches that explain political developments and interactions in all their forms, the form of authority, the phenomenon of military coups, states of stability and political instability, and the spread of the phenomenon of political violence is the approach to the relationship between the state and society. This relationship is what explains to us the multiplicity and diversity of forms of government systems.

The greater the number of countries, the greater the number of these forms based on the hypothesis that the environment of political power differs in its variables and components from one country to another. The pillar of governance is the state, which is based on three elements: the territory, which is the boundaries of rule and authority, the people over whom authority is exercised, and sovereignty, which constitutes the supreme will, which is the basis of authority and from which it derives its existence.

Accordingly, governance is an interaction between society and the state, and the strength and cohesion of society depends on the extent to which it limits the incursion of power.

Society represents the anarchist side of power and governance, and the state represents the authoritarian side. In its broadest sense, power means the ability to influence others and oblige them to follow the decisions, laws, and policies decided by the authority. The state resorts to this because it possesses all the elements of hard power, including military, security, and economic power.

And its control over soft power, which is one of the most prominent features of society’s power. The relationship between them takes more than one form. The first form is the encroachment of society, as in Marxist-communist systems of government, and the state’s encroachment on society, as in many systems of government in third world countries, including the Arab model.

The third form is balance in the relationship, which is represented by democratic and rational systems of government. Here, many questions arise about the legitimacy of authority, its establishment, the imposition of obedience to it, and its impact on the form and effectiveness of society. In this context, the behavioral school emerges, that behavior is the basis of change and determines the relationship, and the structural and institutional school, that it determines the relationship and controls its paths. Change means the freedom of actors to exercise their rights, while supporters of the second school see commitment and submission to existing laws and orders.

There are those who believe that society precedes the state and is the one who imposes the form of government: a society with multiple ethnic, sectarian and minority backgrounds imposes a federal form of government, and on the contrary, a homogeneous society imposes the centralization of power on the basis that politics tells us who gets what, when, and how? The authority maintains its control through its control over the means of coercion and coercion.

Since the relationship between them is an organic and complementary relationship, and the basis of the relationship is limitation and restraint of authority. The form of balance remains the one that achieves stability and development, and its basis is single citizenship and the equal rights approach. The relationship depends on a set of determinants at the level of society and the state. On the basis of society, the factors of societal harmony, rights, level of education, poverty, unemployment, the strength of civil culture, civil society institutions, the strength of available soft power, and political pluralism emerge, and they are all factors and determinants that increase the effectiveness of society.

At the state level, the strength of political institutions, the system of laws, the relationship between the military and the authority, civilian rule, commitment to existing political legitimacy, and the nature of the relationship between the three institutions of authority in a way that achieves balance are highlighted. As we now see, the Israeli government is attempting to make judicial amendments with the aim of increasing the encroachment of the executive authority and the decline of the judicial authority.

This explains the popular protests and the exposure of the entire regime to the threat of survival. It also explains to us the phenomenon of military coups in Niger, the military conflict in Sudan, and the phenomenon of internal wars in many Arab countries, such as Libya, Iraq, and Syria, and its cause is the attempt of the state to dominate society without taking into account its determinants and developments.

On the other hand, we have rational and effective governance systems that achieve a balance between the state and society, as in the model presented by the Emirates, which is based on the basis of good governance and a rational society.

Perhaps the problem that needs us to understand and analyze is that the state is the one that activates and creates the factors of change in society in addition to the influence of the external factor, and the more the state responds to these changes the more it achieves balance, and this is through expanding the circle of political participation and political empowerment for all segments, including women, alternating power, and neutralizing the role of the army in life. Political. As much as the phenomenon of political institutionalism is rooted and the phenomenon of personal individualism in governance is reduced.

There remains a third factor whose influence cannot be ignored, which is the influence of the external environment, and here the strength of the relationship between the state and society is able to neutralize the negative effects of this factor, which explains to us many developments in our Arab world. Here is the importance of preserving the state due to its connection to the law, preserving society and its stability, and preserving the effectiveness of society. Which gives legitimacy and strength to the state.

This is the missing link in Arab politics, and it is the approach required to achieve good democratic governance and a single citizenship society.

Thirty years have passed since the Oslo Accords and Understandings, and what happened in the first years is completely different from what happened in recent years.

The Palestinians voted in a high percentage in the first general elections for the first legislative council, with Yasser Arafat as president, so the Palestinian political system moved from a revolutionary system to a power system that should have been transformed within five years into a state system.

The scale of regional and international adoption of Oslo and what it promises has created reassurance for the Palestinians that for the first time in their history, they will inevitably go to an independent state established on the borders of June 4, 1967, with the opening of negotiations on what were called permanent status issues such as borders, refugees, settlement, and Jerusalem.

The Palestinians, along with the supporters of the Oslo idea and the historic peace project, did not notice that a small stone, if removed from the building, would inevitably lead to its collapse. This stone was the one vote that passed Oslo in the Knesset, and if it moved to the opposition, then the whole project would enter a tunnel that would lead to new places. Other than those designed as his conclusions.

Will life return to agreement?

Thirty years after the Oslo Accords and understandings, what is the situation now? Is there a logical justification for bringing it back to life, even with exorbitant downloads?!!!

The situation is now summed up in a short sentence. Oslo, the first years of the era of the duo Rabin and Peres, became a pile of rubble from which no settlement could be drawn. As for Oslo during the time of Netanyahu, only crumbs of security coordination remained that embarrassed the Palestinians and did not satisfy the Israelis. This is with an authority that is on the verge of collapse, and its fate (survival or collapse) is in the hands of American intercession with Israel to pump some water into its dry canals. Instead of the origin of the story being the size and characteristics of the future Palestinian state, what could be presented to the authority in order for it to remain alive is not a bet on its ability to lead a people and an effective partnership with the opponent, but rather a fear of the vacuum that will result from its collapse, opening the doors wide to uncontrolled developments. on her.

Picture the situation now
1- There is a government in Israel that is more right-wing and more extreme than all the governments that preceded it, including the governments of Begin, Shamir, and Sharon.

2- There is a democratic administration in America that raises the slogan of a two-state solution, without making any effort to achieve it.

What is worse is that a coup in the formula sponsored by the American administration put the cart before the horse and gave priority to Arab normalization with Israel at the expense of the priority of resolving the Palestinian issue.

3- In Palestine, there are multiple options to the point of disagreement and even contradiction between an authority in Ramallah that did not despair of the possibility of extracting a political solution from the rubble of Oslo and an authority in Gaza that no one knows what it can do or not do to market itself in regional and international equations.

As for the factions, some of them fight directly wherever their rifle bullets reach, others fight through intermediaries, contenting themselves with blessing the operations without adopting them, and some of them actually merge into power while retaining their name. This is at the level of the divided political class. As for the community level, which constitutes more than eighty percent of the activities of the people and the cause, he chose to move forward in building his life without having to neglect the principles of his cause. The facilities you see in the country are of his own making and as a result of his initiatives.

Oslo's rosy promises have turned into a pile of rubble, but that does not mean at all the liquidation of a cause and the end of a people. Rather, the exact opposite is happening. The Palestinian, inside or outside the homeland, whether rich or poor, still feels the pain of losing dignity and freedom inside the homeland, and national identity outside it. Due to this feeling, his cause will remain alive, and he will continue to be a burden to Israel and to the entire world if he does not find a solution that he is satisfied with and in which he sees his salvation.

On Monday morning, the Israeli occupation authorities demolished the tents of residents of the village of Al-Araqib, deprived of recognition and threatened with uprooting and displacement in the Negev region in the occupied interior, for the 221st time in a row.

The Israeli authorities demolished it for the first time on July 27, 2010, despite the hot weather conditions.

On Monday, Jewish organizations supporting the Palestinian cause launched a campaign in the United States of America to boycott the pro-Israel political pressure group AIPAC.

The campaign, which was launched in cooperation with a network of Palestinian-American institutions, called on the Jewish community to boycott the AIPAC lobby, considering that the financial and political support provided to the Israeli government makes it an accomplice in the crime of “apartheid” committed against the Palestinian people.

Samantha, a campaign volunteer from Chicago, said that AIPAC not only supports extremism against Palestinians, but also in the United States.

She noted that the campaign covers dozens of American cities, including Chicago, New York, Washington, New Jersey, San Francisco, Milwaukee, and Indianapolis.

On Monday, the Israeli Navy arrested two fishermen who were on board a boat off the coast west of the city of Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip.

According to the Union of Fishermen's Committees, the occupation boats opened fire with machine guns at the fishermen's boats, before Hasakah confiscated the paddles of two fishermen on board and took them to an unknown destination.

At dawn and Monday morning, the Israeli occupation forces launched a massive arrest campaign among citizens in various areas of the West Bank and occupied Jerusalem.

According to local sources, these forces carried out raids in several areas, raided many citizens’ homes, wreaked havoc on them, and subjected their residents to field investigation.

8 citizens were arrested from Hebron, namely the editor, Muthanna Al-Qawasmi, Anas Salhab, Adnan Maswadah, Basil Farrah, Muhammad Abu Halil, Muhammad Mutawwar, Ubaida Adi, and Diyaa Al-Zuhur.

While Badr al-Din Saleh was arrested from Al-Mazraa al-Gharbiyya, north of Ramallah.

Abdullah Zakarneh was arrested from his family home in the Al-Bayader neighborhood in Jenin.

Alaa Anaya and Majd Anaya were arrested from the town of Azzun, east of Qalqilya, which witnessed violent confrontations.

In occupied Jerusalem, Mahran Ahmadan and Mahmoud Mansour, both from the town of Biddu, were arrested.

The United States of America has always played the role of mediator in efforts to reach a settlement of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.

On Tuesday, the United States announced its new plan to resolve the conflict after talks stopped since 2014.

Below is a summary of previous initiatives put forward by the United States and others to resolve the issue:

The government of US President Ronald Reagan began a dialogue with the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1988, after its leader Yasser Arafat accepted US demands to recognize Israel's right to exist as a state.

The administration of US President George H. W. Bush, who succeeded Reagan, established channels of communication between Israel and the Arab countries.

In 1991, Washington and Moscow jointly organized an Israeli-Arab peace conference in Spain, and benefited from improved relations after the opponents stood together against Iraq in the First Gulf War.

The conference, which was organized in the wake of the first Palestinian Intifada, set a precedent, as it was the first time that the Israeli and Palestinian sides sat at the negotiating table. The Palestinians participated as part of a delegation from Jordan after Israel refused the direct participation of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

Israelis and Palestinians held more than a dozen secret meetings over the course of six months, in Oslo in 1993.

In an unprecedented breakthrough, Israel agreed to allow the Palestinians limited self-rule and recognize the Palestine Liberation Organization as the representative of the Palestinian people.

The two parties signed the Oslo Accords in Washington in September 1993 at a ceremony hosted by US President Bill Clinton.

In May 1994, the city of Jericho in the West Bank and Gaza Strip became the first self-governing Palestinian territory.

Two months later, Arafat returned to the Palestinian territories after 27 years in exile and formed the administration of the Palestinian Authority.

In September 1995, the Oslo II Accords were signed, giving the Palestinians greater autonomy in the occupied West Bank.

In November, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by an Orthodox Jew opposed to the peace process.

In October 1998, US President Bill Clinton hosted a meeting at Wye Plantation that resulted in an agreement requiring Israel to withdraw from 13 percent of the West Bank territory it had occupied.

But Israel froze the deal two months later after handing over only 2% of the territory.

In July 2000, the two sides held talks for several days at Camp David outside Washington, but the talks faltered due to the part related to Jerusalem, which both sides claim, and due to issues related to the Palestinian refugee issue.

The second Palestinian Intifada broke out two months later.

In March 2002, Arab countries led by Saudi Arabia proposed establishing diplomatic relations with Israel in exchange for its withdrawal from all territories occupied since 1967.

Nothing was achieved after the next day, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon launched a military attack against the Palestinians following a series of suicide attacks.

In April 2003, the international Quartet composed of the European Union, Russia, the United Nations, and the United States published a document called the “Road Map” for the establishment of a Palestinian state.

The document relied on stopping Palestinian attacks and Israel refraining from building new settlements on the occupied land.

The two sides committed to implementing it in June 2003, but it soon stopped amid continued settlement activity.

In November 2007, US President George W. Bush chaired a conference attended by representatives of Israel and the Palestinian Authority in Annapolis, near Washington, after years of stagnant relations.

New peace efforts have been frustrated by disagreement over Israel's continued settlement building and military checkpoints, violence in Gaza and Palestinian division.

The Palestinian Authority withdrew from the talks after Israel launched a war on Gaza in late 2008.

In July 2013, then US Secretary of State John Kerry announced the launch of new direct talks.

But Israel suspended these talks after the Fatah and Hamas movements announced a reconciliation agreement in April 2014.